Open Data Network

Large Payload HIAD Systems: Structural Investigation and Optimization

This proposal seeks to advance the understanding of full-scale Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerators (HIADs) in support of NASA's Space Technology Roadmap, TABS element 9.1.4, Deployable Hypersonic Aeroshells. The HIAD system is a low technology readiness level (TRL) space technology that has the potential to deliver the size of payloads that will be required for human missions to Mars. The current state of the art Mars payload delivery is estimated at 1.5 metric tons. However, payloads on the order of 20 to 60 metric tons will be required for a successful human mission to Mars. Upwards of a 40 fold increase in payload mass represents a significant jump from the currently available decelerator technology. The HIAD system consists of multiple, inflatable tori that are strapped together other around a rigid center-body in a cone configuration and are covered with a thermal protection shield. The individual tori consist of a flexible fabric shell with integral axial cords that are rigidified by the inflation pressure. The HIAD system offers considerable benefits from traditional rigid aeroshells including a small storage volume and a mass to area ratio that is not constrained by the size of the launch vehicle. The HIAD system can be effective in thin atmospheres. Work to date has focused on quantifying the structural behavior of HIAD materials, structural components and test-scale HIAD structures, (3 m major diameter). Although engineers have had success modeling the HIAD system at the test-scale, there is still much unknown about how the structure will behave at a full or human-scale, (~20 m major diameter). Scalability remains one of the major technical challenges associated with deployable aeroshells. Design exploration and optimization of human-scale HIAD structures are important next steps in the development of the HIAD technology. A critical component is the development of computationally efficient structural analysis methods. Modeling efforts to date have focused on high-fidelity yet computationally expensive shell-based finite element (FE) modeling. This work proposes to develop computationally inexpensive three-dimensional beam-based FE models to analyze the HIAD system. Since the HIAD consists of multiple, slender, inflatable members, it is a good candidate for beam based FE modeling. The analysis tool will necessarily incorporate both large deformations and nonlinear material constitutive relationships to accurately capture the structural response of the inflatable members. The HIAD system will be modeled with torus and strap elements as well as elements between tori to capture tori interaction. The material and component level models will be validated with an extensive set of existing test data. Developing a beam-element-based simulation technology will allow for exploration of optimal HIAD configuration and will greatly enhancing our understanding of the HIAD structure. The use of optimization methods to explore the feasible design space can often lead to non-intuitive designs and configurations. For example, exploring non-axisymmetric designs or designs incorporating a radial spoke configuration from the center body to the outer torus are configurations that have not been considered, but are possible feasible alternatives that can be readily explored with the methods envisioned. Development of a comprehensive beam based FE tool will facilitate the efficient exploration of the human-scale HIAD design space and will increase our understanding of the behavior of the low-TRL HIAD space technology. Major technological challenges associated with deployable aeroshells remain. In order to further the technology and ensure that the HIAD system will one day be capable of accommodating the requirements of a crewed mission to Mars, further investigations into the behavior of the system at the full-scale are required.

NACP MCI: Tower Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations, Upper Midwest Region, USA, 2007-2009

This data set provides high precision and high accuracy atmospheric CO2 data from seven instrumented communication towers located in the U.S. Upper Midwest. The overall sampling period was from January 2007 through December 2009 although actual sampling dates vary within this time period for individual towers and sampling heights above ground level. The measurements were obtained in support of the North American Carbon Program (NACP) Mid-Continent Intensive (MCI) campaign.The sampling network included: the five Ring 2 towers (Centerville (Iowa), Galesville (Wisconsin), Kewanee (Illinois), Mead (Nebraska), and Round Lake (Minnesota)) deployed and operated by PSU; the Missouri Ozarks (Missouri) co-located AmeriFlux site (PSU/Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)); and the Rosemount (Minnesota) tall tower trace gas observatory (University of Minnesota, Rosemount Research and Outreach Center (RROC)). Hourly CO2 dry mole fractions (in ppm) were averaged from measurements made at different above-ground levels on the towers and are reported in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). For the five Ring 2 sites, daily daytime average CO2 dry mole fractions were also calculated, from hourly values between 12:00-17:00 local standard time and reported in UTC. There are seven compressed (.zip) data files and one comma-separated (.csv) file with this data set. Data quality flags are provided in each file.

Farmers Markets

Office of Agriculture's listing of farmers markets in the County. Includes market managers' name and contact information, seasons of operation, operation times and accepted programs. This data will update annually.

CMA Annual Bankruptcy Rates

The Edmonton CMA Annual Consumer Bankruptcy Rate and Annual Business Bankruptcy Rate provide insight into how Edmonton’s climate for business may impact small and medium-sized businesses differently. It also provides a comparison to overall business growth in the region.

Monthly Traffic Volume Trends - September 2011

The Traffic Volume Trends montly report is a natinal data report that provides quality controlled vehicle miles traveled data for each State for all roadways

Public Outreach and Engagement Events Calendar

Building Code Scofflaw List

The Chicago Building Scofflaw Ordinance (Section 2-92-416 of the Municipal Code of Chicago) is designed to prevent landlords that refuse or refrain from correcting ongoing building code violations from receiving city contracts, including those that subsidize housing. Building owners must have a least three residential buildings with uncorrected violations and have had three or more properties referred to Circuit Court within the applicable 12 month period to be eligible for the list. The building code scofflaw list is updated once a year on the first business day of December, and building owners may appeal being named on the list. Building owners with controlling interest in at least three residential properties that have habitual, extensive or serioues building code violations are now ineligible for any new city contracts in 2015. The following individuals or entities have been placed on the Building Code Scofflaw list for the entire calendar year.

Performance Metrics - Family & Support Services - Youth Services Program Monthly Utilization

This metric tracks the number of young people enrolled in youth services per month. DFSS is committed to creating a premier out-of-school time system that provides young people the opportunity to participate in high-quality, safe, and structured programs. DFSS funds over 200 Out-of-School Time (OST) programs that serve youth between the ages of 6 to 18 years across the city of Chicago in five types of programs: Academic/Vocational Support and Enrichment; Science, Computer, and Technology; Arts and Culture; Sports, Fitness, Health, and Nutrition; and Innovative. Missing: These graphs do not include additional OST programs supported by other city agencies such as the Chicago Park District, Chicago Public Schools, the Chicago Housing Authority, etc. • Academic/Vocational Support and Enrichment - academic support, remedial education services, tutoring, literacy, and reconnecting youth with other educational opportunities • Science, Computer, and Technology - skills building focused on computer programming, software, and technology • Arts and Culture - promoting excellence in the arts through access, awareness and opportunities for creative expression, increased cultural awareness, and demonstrative skills concluding with an event, play or exhibit • Sports, Fitness, Health, and Nutrition - opportunities for physical activities and education that supports healthy choices and a positive lifestyle • Innovative – opportunities for youth ages 13 to 15 and 16 to 18 that provide customized projects supporting skills building in areas such as civic engagement, entrepreneurship, workforce development, and post-secondary education to prepare youth for the job market and life-long learning

Sandtown June to September 2014

Police Emergency and Non-Emergency calls to 911

Provider of Services File - OTHER - June 2014

The POS file consists of two data files, one for CLIA labs and one for 18 other provider types. The file names are CLIA and OTHER. If downloading the file, note it is fairly large (125MB in CSV). The POS Extract is created from the QIES (Quality Improvement Evaluation System) database. These data include provider number, name, and address and characterize the participating institutional providers. The data are collected through the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Regional Offices. The file contains an individual record for each Medicare-approved provider and is updated quarterly.